How to devide our regions abdomen

a.       4 regions:

            The abdominal wall has few anatomic landmarks. The flat abdominal plane is broken up only by the costal margins, anterior superior iliac spines, and the umbilicus. Thus, many attempts have been made over the years to describe what surface anatomy cannot.

            The most common and widely accepted system for identification of the various regions of the abdomen is the simple division of the abdomen into 4 quadrants by a vertical and horizontal line bisecting the umbilicus and forming the right and left upper and lower quadrants (see the image below).

Abdomen Quadrants	Description
Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)	Doctors often assess this portion to localize pain and tenderness. Organs found in this quadrant include the liver, the gall bladder, duodenum the upper portion of the pancreas and the hepatic flexure of the colon. The RUQ is commonly tender in cases of hepatitis, cholecystitis and with the formation of a peptic ulcer.
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)	The right lower quadrant extends from the median plane to the right side of the body and then from the umbilical plane to the right inguinal ligament. Important organs found in the right lower quadrant include the appendix, the upper portion of the colon, the right ovary and Fallopian tube in women and the right ureterpenus. The right lower quadrant may be assessed when diagnosing appendicitis in which case this quadrant would be tender and painful.
Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)	The left upper quadrant rests alongside the RUQ. The left upper quadrant is formed by the median plane extending to the left of the patient and with the umbilical plane to the left rib cage. Organs found in the left upper quadrant are the stomach, the spleen, the left portion of the liver, and the main body of the pancreas. The left portion of the kidney and the adrenal gland are also found in this quadrant. The splenic flexure of the colon and the bottom portion of the colon also sit in the left upper quadrant. The LUQ will be tender and a point of interest in cases of appendicitis and abnormalities of the intestines such as malrotation.
Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)	The left lower quadrant is located below the umbilicus plane. Essential organs found in this region include the bottom portion of the colon, the sigmoid colon, the left ovary, Fallopian tube and the left uterine tube. The doctors will assess this area if there is abdominal pain in this region. Abdominal pain in the LLQ may be a symptom of colitis, diverticulitis, or ureteral colic. Pain in this region may also be caused by ovarian cysts or a pelvic inflammation. Tumors found in this region can be serious determinants of colon or ovarian cancer.

b.      9 regions    :

            Three horizontal lines and two vertical lines create nine regions of the abdomen. Below is an image of the regions of the abdomen, which are formed within these planes. “Hypo” refers to “below”, “epi” refers to “above”, “chond” refers to the cartilage of the rib and “gast” is in reference to the stomach.

9 Regions of Abdomen

The above lines intersect and divide the abdomen into 9 regions:

·         Epigastric region (epigastrium)

·         Left hypochondrium (LHC)

·         Right hypochondrium (RHC)

·         Umbilical region

·         Left lumbar region

·         Right lumbar region

·         Hypogastric region

·         Right iliac fossa (RIF)

·         Left iliac fossa (LIF)

Organs in 9 Regions of Abdomen

Location of various organs in the Abdomen according to the region

Abdomen Regions	Organs
Right Hypochondrium	Liver, Gallbladder, Right Kidney, Small Intestine
Left Hypochondrium	Spleen, Colon, Left Kidney, Pancreas
Epigastrium	Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, Duodenum, Spleen, Adrenal Glands
Right Lumber Region	Gallbladder, Liver, Right Colon
Left Lumber Region	Descending Colon, Left Kidney
Umbilical Region	Umbilicus, Jejunum, Ileum, Duodenum
Right Iliac Fossa	Appendix, Cecum
Left Iliac Fossa	Descending Colon, Sigmoid Colon
Hypogastrium	Urinary Bladder, Sigmoid Colon, Female Reproductive Organs

Refferences     :

1.      Moore KL, Agur AM, Dalley AF. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 4^th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011:116-35.

2.      Gray's Anatomy. Churchill Livingstone. (2008) ISBN:0443066841.